Effect Of Trade Openness On Developing Countries - 1591 Words

2. METHODOLOGY 2.1. DATA In this study, panel data for 25 developing countries is used for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. These countries are listed separately in appendix ‘A’. The World Bank list of developing countries was referred to but data for these three particular years was available for 25 out of 145 countries. All the variables that were used in our model were sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators 2013. The description of variables is given in appendix ‘B’.The descriptive statistics of the variables are presented in appendices ‘C’ and ‘D’. 2.2. FRAMEWORK AND TECHNIQUE We estimate two models in this paper viz. a single equation random effect panel regression model and a two equation instrumental variable panel regression model, both for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. First, we estimate the single equationmodel. The aim of this model is to find out the effect of trade openness directly on poverty in developing countries. The following equation is estimated: p = a + b1 (tra) + b2 (infr) + b3 (edu) + b4 (health) + b5 (gdpcap) + e(1) where, ‘p’ is poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP). The ‘tra’ is the trade opennessmeasured as total trade as percentage of GDP. ‘infr’ is the infrastructure variable which is represented by telephone lines and mobile cellular connections per 100 people. ‘edu’ is the levels of education which is represented by primary completion rate. This indicator is also known as gross intake rate to the last gradeShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technological And Commercial Effects On Economic Growth1642 Words   |  7 Pages(international) trade which enables exchange and consumption of goods and services which they cannot produce, thereby enjoying variety of goods and services to improve the standard of living of their people. Some of the positive effects International trade (IT) have on economic growth (EG) were pointed out by Smith (1776) and this idea triumphed until World War II. 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Analysis Of Horacio Quiroga And Edgar Allan Poe s ``...

Horacio Quiroga and Edgar Allan Poe are two of the most influential writers in history. They both wrote disturbing stories that are based upon their similarly rough lives. In fact, Quiroga has been referred to as â€Å"The Poe of Latin America† (Niece 1). However, it is important to note that although these authors have many similarities, they also have several significant differences, both in their writing and in their personal life stories. Both Poe and Quiroga had death and mental illness as central themes throughout their lives. Poe’s parents both died within his first three years of life, and he had parental figures that also died when he was young (Poe Museum 1). Because of those deaths, Poe had a long history of mental illness, especially depression (Poe Museum 1). Similarly, Horacio Quiroga also struggled with depression. Like Poe, Quiroga also lost his father at a very young age. Quiroga’s mother misunderstood him, which only made him even more unhappy. He â€Å"viewed life as an endless struggle for survival and eventually committed suicide in a hospital† at age 58 (Niece 1). Poe’s short story â€Å"The Telltale Heart† is very similar to Quiroga’s short story â€Å"The Decapitated Chicken† because they both have a dominating theme of death. In â€Å"The Decapitated Chicken†, Quiroga writes, â€Å"She could cry no more. One of the boys squeezed her neck, parting her curls as if they were feathers, and the other three dragged her by one leg toward the kitchen where that morning the chicken

Evaluation Plan and Integrate EBP Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation Plan and Integrate EBP. Answer: Evaluation Plan Elements Create a vision for EBP This help to define the preferred future stand of the company in regard of its major objectives. Vision is the long-term outlook of the company; it narrates what the institution wants to become. The statement should take into consideration all the members and the EBP adopted should make the staff comfortable (Melnyk, Gallagher?Ford, Long Fineout?Overholt, 2014). The vision should help in outlining the following items: enhancing the staff involved in the research, increasing clinical study within the company and also enhancing the ability of the members to offer evidence-based care. Engage resource and personnel EBP requires the facilitation of the change process and input from different skilled internal and external facilitators. The model needs a theoretical explanation of the real meaning of EBP. All the staff should be given enough training in the area of EBP, strictly followed by enough time resource to help them learn and gain enough knowledge for the implementation of the entire process (Khammarnia, Haj Mohammadi, Amani, Rezaeian Setoodehzadeh, 2015). EBP training helps the management to reduce resistance and barriers to implementing EBP. The two major important areas include; understanding what EBP entails and recognizing clinical issues for applying EBP. There also need for understanding research and terms of the statistics, performing critical appraisals, implementing recommendations to users and general literature searches are the core for purpose of understanding EBP. Integrate EBP and nourish the culture EBP is a process that requires enough time for full implementation in the organization, nurses and other staff members need to identify clinical issues and ensuring that EBP is in line with the culture of the organization. Evaluate the evidence The organization should then evaluate the model and ensure that it performs towards fulfilling organizations goals put in place. EBP should be efficient and effective and enhances the performances of every member of the staff. Objectives and Strategies Objective: Develop a mental framework Strategy: Developing a written summary of what is to be achieved. Brainstorming will staff about the environment to be created. Objective: Establish a motivating image for change Strategy: Utilizing creativity for capturing clinical staffs attention. Taking advantage of actual clinical scenarios to emphasize the necessity for practice changes is another strategy. Objective: Create specific goals Strategy: Focusing on short-run, achievable goals and establishing solely 2-3 goals at a go. Objective: Gain administrative support Strategy: Contacting responsible administrators for clinical practice. Another strategy is creating a presentation which denotes the need for transforming the culture into Evidence-based practice surrounding. Seeking administrators accountable for clinical practice is required. Objective: Establish a leadership team Strategy: Identification of central personnel with EBPs passion. Conducting a small focus-group discussion/meeting is required. Objective: Involve experts and EBP mentors in clinical practice Strategy: Identification of EBP mentors and clinical experts focused in the areas. Engaging clinical specialists support. Barriers The six barriers to the implementation of EBP include institutional/cultural, lack of knowledge, lack of motivation, physician and patient factors, limited access to up-to-date, user-friendly technology and computer system and time management. Institutional/Cultural barriers Significant barriers are cultural factors in the institution and need to promote system-wide hospital change. Hospital system cultural attitude undermines the significance of professional advancement among the nurses (Jordan, Bowers Morton, 2016). Also, a traditional norm alongside a strong tendency of falling back on habits instead of basing practice on current evidence is also a barrier. Lack of Knowledge Lack of a basic knowledge of EBP is a barrier. Nurses fail to acknowledge criteria which reflect high-quality study/research. Mostly, lack of knowledge is never discussed as a theme in respective focus groups (Williams, Perillo Brown, 2015). Time management Some nurses hold that it is unrealistic to expect a nurse to follow up with study/research to reinforce their practice while taking care of patients. EBP implementation is a time consuming process with lots of bells and hoops to jump via and individuals to converse with to achieve implementation (Considine Currey, 2015). Physician and Patient Factors Different conflicting beliefs and values among doctors and patients hamper EBP care provision. Some doctors knowingly use obsolete practice because they feel it is evidence-based. Some patients do not want to alter their treatment plans when novel evidence arises. Lack of Motivation Lack of personal drive alongside motivation is required to improve nurse provision of better professional care. Nurses remain disinterested or uninspired to embrace EBP. Many nurses remain unmotivated to implement EBP due to the length of time between current employment and formal academic training (Bucknall, Forbes, Phillips, Hewitt, Cooper Bogossian, 2016). Limited access to up-to-date user-friendly technology and computer system Inadequacy computer resources hamper EBP implementation. Nurses providing direct patient care need access to as well as assistance with technical resources. References Bucknall, T. K., Forbes, H., Phillips, N. M., Hewitt, N. A., Cooper, S., Bogossian, F. (2016). An analysis of nursing students decision?making in teams during simulations of acute patient deterioration.Journal of advanced nursing,72(10), 2482-2494. Considine, J., Currey, J. (2015). Ensuring a proactive, evidence?based, patient safety approach to patient assessment.Journal of clinical nursing,24(1-2), 300-307. Jordan, P., Bowers, C., Morton, D. (2016). Barriers to implementing evidence-based practice in a private intensive care unit in the Eastern Cape.Southern African Journal of Critical Care (Online),32(2), 50-54. Khammarnia, M., Haj Mohammadi, M., Amani, Z., Rezaeian, S., Setoodehzadeh, F. (2015). Barriers to implementation of evidence based practice in Zahedan teaching hospitals, Iran, 2014.Nursing research and practice,2015. Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher?Ford, L., Long, L. E., Fineout?Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence?based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real?world clinical settings: proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,11(1), 5-15. Williams, B., Perillo, S., Brown, T. (2015). What are the factors of organisational culture in health care settings that act as barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice? A scoping review.Nurse education today,35(2), e34-e41.

Technology Advances and Music

Introduction In the world, there are so many groups of people each having their cultures and music. The cultures are used to give guidelines on a person interaction with one another and usually determine their way of life. They are a means of conserving the culture of the community and they are usually passed from one generation to the next. There are various ways of passing on this cultures which include music, poems, dances, proverbs and stories among others. Music is used to pass information among people though its performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Advances and Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are used to mark significant people or occasions in the life time of a group of people, educate people as well as pass the cultures to generations to come. People usually engage in the music industry for various reasons such as relaxation and entertainment, hobby and as a source of income . Due to the unification of various people in the world by the different social, economic or political reasons, there have emerged various types of music which has found its audience all over the world. This paper seeks to consider the impacts of technology in music industry taking into account the role technology plays in popular culture music. It also expounds on sampling, the use of technology in establishing or enhancing an artist’s career, legal issues of copyrights and royalties and issues surrounding downloading of music. Music There are so many types of music currently available in the world. This music has their origin cultures and when played anywhere in the world passes the culture. They are used to improve the quality of life, to express feeling as well as pass different messages. They are also sung to mark various activities and phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, drought, wars and political revolution among others. These phenomena usually have great influence in the social, economic and political life of a given group of people. Music is divided into different types according to the purpose of the song and the culture (Hoffer 1). Due to aspects such as globalization, there has emerged popular music which has found its audience all over the world despite the prevalence of differing cultures. This music usually addresses various issues that are usually experienced worldwide. The continuous advancement in technology has found its way into the music industry and has resulted into various improvements which have been found to have strengths and weaknesses in differing aspects. These have resulted in the exploration of various fields which were unexplored. Music industry has emerged to be a major source of income to various people such as artists, publisher, producer and editors among others. Technological Advances and Music There has been continuous technological advancement in all fields over the years. In the music industry, technology has affected all aspects from song writing, recording and performance, selling and listening of the music by individuals. Music storage has been improved where one is capable of carrying large music files in very small spaces. This has resulted from the use of microchips such as microprocessors which are programmable and have huge capacities.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to the improved technology, there have arisen various illegal activities which have cost this field a lot (Johnson 3). An example of these crimes is piracy. The internet has been one of the major challenges in the music industry as people are downloading music instead of buying them from the music shops. Despite all these challenges, the technological improvements have assisted the artists to use efficient tools and equipment in recording as well as in stage performances. In the past it was a common phenomeno n to someone to have stacked recorded music for him to listen to. As times have been passing, there has been downloading of music which also has required space for storage of the music in computers for retrieval at will. Phones are some of the most commonly gargets used in downloading music and in response to the increased quest for the music; some companies have established databases where one is able to access any music from any album. Music is only accessible on subscription at a fee. This development is gaining its roots slowly among the cell phone users mainly due to poor marketing. The internet is one of the most promising marketing places for the music industry because it is accessed all over the world. Implementation of proper marketing strategies would result in general improvement of the industry. All the persons involved such as artists would be able to earn more income. When one has written his work in the music industry, he is granted exclusive rights. This is usually k nown as copyright and is meant to safeguard ones work. There are also legal actions stipulated by the law to punish those in illegal music businesses. The victims can be jailed or asked to pay fines for their crimes. Due to the increased use of the internet, to avoid increased music downloads, some measure can be implemented. The internet users could be allowed to download the music at a lower charge (Wiechmann 2). All these measures have been used to bring back sanity in the music industry. Piracy is a problem facing the music industry and is taking away a lot of revenue away. This is sometimes done by borrowing someone his or her compact disk and then making its copy. Some people produce them in mass for economic gain by selling the copies. There are strict rules that are put in place to try and reduce their occurrences. Some people usually improvise some strategies to protect popular music from piracy. In the case of hard copies digital watermarking while incases of softcopy feat ures like audiolock.net are used to avoid access of the music to unauthorized personnel. On the other hand, to overcome the problem of piracy, the general public should be informed the negative effects of piracy to them, the artist and the economy (Marshall Frith 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Advances and Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has been the development of various softwares and computer aided production and simulation that has improved the popular music. This has been brought forth by the teaching of music technology in various education institutions. When undertaking these studies, the students are informed on all practical and theoretical aspects of music and the application of technology. The various institutions should consistently improve their curriculum to ensure the knowledge impacted to the student is usually the most current one. The various aspects of music to wh ich technology has impacted include singing, performing on instruments, Improvising melodies, composing, reading music notation, listening, evaluating music performance and getting proper information on the interaction between music, arts, history and culture. All these aspects have been developed softwares which eases the critical analysis and implementation of each. The means of communication and channel though which the message or information from the music to the audience has changed. The government and institutions related to the music industry has greatly contributed to the development of the music industry. In the production of the music technology use is evident. In the production of a song, the various steps usually require different types of technological application. There are diverse musical equipment that have been in the market to assist in production. In the previous years, musicians during performances used to use wire microphone. The microphones have been replaced b y wireless microphones which have given them flexibility in conducting any form of motion on the stage. The disk jockeys are nowadays equipped with modern equipment which are usually with various efficient features. These have ensured that the services they offer are usually very good. There are various types of sampling such as music and speeches. The technology has enabled the sampling of music to be easy. It usually entails using of various instruments to insert portion of another song in the production of a song. There have been improvements by production of new and up to date sampling machines which are categorized as phrase and studio samplers. It is usually done to improve the song so that it can have a better market. Doing it without the consent of the original artist is usually against the law. In accessing the music in the legal way, permission is borrowed from the copyright holders (Shaffer 6). The rights of reproducing different parts of the music are usually given at a charge which is dependent on the source person or institution, portion to be used and the way the portion is used.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is common in popular music and is sometimes very expensive. In case of failure to borrow permission for sampling, the offenders are usually charged at courts. They are mostly fined heavily which usually acts as a blow to the whole band. Despite sampling illegal, it is very rampant in the popular music production (Stapleton 2). Conclusion There have been continuous improvements in the musical industry that has been brought forth by the technological improvements. These have yielded positive results in popular music making it find favor in the market. There are various equipment that are used to administer various services and their continuous improvement has ensured efficiency in the provision of the services. Despite all the positive impacts of technology in the music industry, there are some illegal activities that have resulted. These activities usually remove the sanity in this industry. Although there are laws governing these acts which are punishable by law, the acts still prevail. The various institution involved have played their part in streamlining all the activities in this field but still more effort is required. Works Cited Hoffer, Charles. Music Listening Today. Stamford, United Kingdom: Cengage learning, 2009. Print. Marshall, Lee. Frith, Simon. Music and copyright. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 2004. Print. Shaffer, Nevin. Protect your great ideas for free! Free steps for protecting the valuable ideas generated by every business owner, Entreprenuer [sic], inventor, author, and artist. Florida, USA. : Maximum Press, 2006. Print. Stapleton, Laura. E-copyright law handbook. New York: Aspen Publishers Online, 2002. Print. Wiechmann, Daniel. The Impact of Online Music Services on the Music Recording Industry: Opportunities and Challenges. Munich, Germany: GRIN Verlag, 2009. Print. This essay on Technology Advances and Music was written and submitted by user Elsie F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.